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optimising the complete image feature extraction chain. the hypothesis verification stage of the traditional image processing approach, consisting of low, medium, and high level processing, will suffer if the set of low level features extracted are of poor quality. we investigate the optimisation of the feature extract...
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a linear algorithm for motion from three weak perspective images using euler angles. in this paper, we describe a new simple linear algorithm for motion and structure from three weak perspective projections using euler angles. we first determine the epipolar equation between each pair of images, which determines the fi...
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viewpoint determination of image by interpolation over sparse samples. we address the problem of determining the viewpoint of an image without referencing to or estimating explicitly the 3-d structure pictured in the image. used for reference are instead a number of sample snapshots of the scene, each supplied with the...
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script and language identification from document images. in this paper we present a detailed review of current script and language identification techniques. the main criticism of the existing techniques is that most of them rely on character segmentation. we go on to present a new method based on texture analysis for ...
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similarity matching. with complex multimedia data, wesee the emergence of database systems in which the fundamental operation is similarity assessment. before database issues can be addressed, it is necessary to give a definition of similarity as an operation. in this paper, we develop a similarity measure, based on fu...
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online updating appearance generative mixture model for meanshift tracking. this paper proposes an appearance generative mixture model based on key frames for meanshift tracking. meanshift tracking algorithm tracks an object by maximizing the similarity between the histogram in tracking window and a static histogram ac...
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3d shape and motion analysis from image blur and smear: a unified approach. this paper addresses 3d shape recovery and motion estimation using a realistic camera model with an aperture and a shutter. the spatial blur and temporal smear effects induced by the camera's finite aperture and shutter speed are used for infer...
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histogram features-based fisher linear discriminant for face detection. the face pattern is described by pairs of template-based histogram and fisher projection orientation under the framework of adaboost learning in this paper. we assume that a set of templates are available first. to avoid making strong assumptions a...
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eye correction using correlation information. this paper proposes a novel eye detection method using the mct-based pattern correlation. the proposed method detects the face by the mct-based adaboost face detector over the input image and then detects two eyes by the mct-based adaboost eye detector over the eye regions....
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probability hypothesis density approach for multi-camera multi-object tracking. object tracking with multiple cameras is more efficient than tracking with one camera. in this paper, we propose a multiple-camera multiple-object tracking system that can track 3d object locations even when objects are occluded at cameras....
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gender classification based on fusion of multi-view gait sequences. in this paper, we present a new method for gender classification based on fusion of multi-view gait sequences. for each silhouette of gait sequences, we first use a simple method to divide the silhouette into 7 (for 90 degree, i.e. fronto-parallel view...
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synthesis of exaggerative caricature with inter and intra correlations. we developed a novel system consisting of two modules, statistics-based synthesis and non-photorealistic rendering (npr), to synthesize caricatures of exaggerated facial features and other particular characteristics, such as beards or nevus. the st...
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image assimilation for motion estimation of atmospheric layers with shallow-water model. the complexity of dynamical laws governing 3d atmospheric flows associated to incomplete and noisy observations makes very difficult the recovery of atmospheric dynamics from satellite images sequences. in this paper, we face the c...
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an fpga-based smart camera for gesture recognition in hci applications. smart camera is a camera that can not only see but also think and act. a smart camera is an embedded vision system which captures and processes image to extract application-specific information in real time. the brain of a smart camera is a special...
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user-guided shape from shading to reconstruct fine details from a single photograph. many real objects, such as faces, sculptures, or low-reliefs are composed of many detailed parts that can not be easily modeled by an artist nor by 3d scanning. in this paper, we propose a new shape from shading (sfs) approach to rapid...
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unsupervised identification of multiple objects of interest from multiple images: discover. given a collection of images of offices, what would we say we see in the images? the objects of interest are likely to be monitors, keyboards, phones, etc. such identification of the foreground in a scene is important to avoid d...
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privacy preserving: hiding a face in a face. this paper proposes a detailed framework of privacy preserving techniques in real-time video surveillance systems. in the proposed system, the protected video data can be released in such a way that the identity of any individual contained in video cannot be recognized while...
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initial pose estimation for 3d model tracking using learned objective functions. tracking 3d models in image sequences essentially requires determining their initial position and orientation. our previous work [14] identifies the objective function as a crucial component for fitting 2d models to images. we state prefer...
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shape reconstruction from cast shadows using coplanarities and metric constraints. to date, various techniques of shape reconstruction using cast shadows have been proposed. the techniques have the advantage that they can be applied to various scenes including outdoor scenes without using special devices. previously pr...
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on the critical point of gradient vector flow snake. in this paper, the so-called critical point problem of gradient vector flow (gvf) snake is studied in two respects: influencing factors and detection of the critical points. one influencing factor that particular attention should be paid to is the iteration number in...
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super resolution of images of 3d scenecs. we address the problem of super resolved generation of novel views of a 3d scene with the reference images obtained from cameras in general positions; a problem which has not been tackled before in the context of super resolution and is also of importance to the field of image ...
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feature subset selection for multi-class svm based image classification. multi-class image classification can benefit much from feature subset selection. this paper extends an error bound of binary svms to a feature subset selection criterion for the multi-class svms. by minimizing this criterion, the scale factors ass...
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generative estimation of 3d human pose using shape contexts matching. we present a method for 3d pose estimation of human motion in generative framework. for the generalization of application scenario, the observation information we utilized comes from monocular silhouettes. we distill prior information of human motion...
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view planning for cityscape archiving and visualization. this work explores full registration of scenes in a large area purely based images for city indexing and visualization. ground-based images including route panoramas, scene tunnels, panoramic views, and spherical views are acquired in the area and are associated ...
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markov random field modeled level sets method for object tracking with moving cameras. object tracking using active contours has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to acquisition of effective shape descriptions. in this paper, an object tracking method based on level sets using moving cameras is proposed...
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constrained optimization for human pose estimation from depth sequences. a new 2-step method is presented for human upper-body pose estimation from depth sequences, in which coarse human part labeling takes place first, followed by more precise joint position estimation as the second phase. in the first step, a number ...
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shape from contour for the digitization of curved documents. we are aiming at extending the basic digital camera functionalities to the ability to simulate the flattening of a document, by virtually acting like a flatbed scanner. typically, the document is the warped page of an opened book. the problem is stated as a c...
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evaluating multi-class multiple-instance learning for image categorization. automatic image categorization is a challenging computer vision problem, to which multiple-instance learning (mil) has emerged as a promising approach. typical current mil schemes rely on binary one-versus-all classification, even for inherentl...
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depth from stationary blur with adaptive filtering. this work achieves an efficient acquisition of scenes and their depths along long streets. a camera is mounted on a vehicle moving along a path and a sampling line properly set in the camera frame scans the 1d scene continuously to form a 2d route panorama. this paper...
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an occupancy-depth generative model of multi-view images. this paper presents an occupancy based generative model of stereo and multi-view stereo images. in this model, the space is divided into empty and occupied regions. the depth of a pixel is naturally determined from the occupancy as the depth of the first occupie...
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highest accuracy fundamental matrix computation. we compare algorithms for fundamental matrix computation, which we classify into "a posteriori correction", "internal access", and "external access". doing experimental comparison, we show that the 7-parameter levenberg-marquardt (lm) search and the extended fns (efns) e...
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detecting, tracking and recognizing license plates. this paper introduces a novel real-time framework which enables detection, tracking and recognition of license plates from video sequences. an efficient algorithm based on analysis of maximally stable extremal region (mser) detection results allows localization of int...
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dense 3d reconstruction of specular and transparent objects using stereo cameras and phase-shift method. in this paper, we first describe our approach to measuring the surface shape of specular objects and then we extend the method to measuring the surface shape of transparent objects by using stereo cameras and a disp...
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recognition of digital images of the human face at ultra low resolution via illumination spaces. recent work has established that digital images of a human face, collected under various illumination conditions, contain discriminatory information that can be used in classification. in this paper we demonstrate that suff...
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an adaptive nonparametric discriminant analysis method and its application to face recognition. linear discriminant analysis (lda) is frequently used for dimension reduction and has been successfully utilized in many applications, especially face recognition. in classical lda, however, the definition of the between-cla...
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sports classification using cross-ratio histograms. the paper proposes a novel approach for classification of sports images based on the geometric information encoded in the image of a sport's field. the proposed approach uses invariant nature of a crossratio under projective transformation to develop a robust classifi...
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multiplexed illumination for measuring brdf using an ellipsoidal mirror and a projector. measuring a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (brdf) requires long time because a target object must be illuminated from all incident angles and the reflected light must be measured from all reflected angles. a high-s...
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image segmentation using iterated graph cuts based on multi-scale smoothing. we present a novel approach to image segmentation using iterated graph cuts based on multi-scale smoothing. we compute the prior probability obtained by the likelihood from a color histogram and a distance transform using the segmentation resu...
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person-similarity weighted feature for expression recognition. in this paper, a new method to extract person-independent expression feature based on hosvd (higher-order singular value decomposition) is proposed for facial expression recognition. with the assumption that similar persons have similar facial expression ap...
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co-segmentation of image pairs with quadratic global constraint in mrfs. this paper provides a novel method for co-segmentation, namely simultaneously segmenting multiple images with same foreground and distinct backgrounds. our contribution primarily lies in four-folds. first, image pairs are typically captured under ...
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microscopic surface shape estimation of a transparent plate using a complex image. this paper proposes a method to estimate the surface shape of a transparent plate using a reflection image on the plate. the reflection image on a transparent plate is a complex image that consists of a reflection on the surface and on t...
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pose estimation from circle or parallel lines in a single image. the paper is focused on the problem of pose estimation from a single view in minimum conditions that can be obtained from images. under the assumption of known intrinsic parameters, we propose and prove that the pose of the camera can be recovered uniquel...
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discriminant clustering embedding for face recognition with image sets. in this paper, a novel local discriminant embedding method, discriminant clustering embedding (dce), is proposed for face recognition with image sets. dce combines the effectiveness of submanifolds, which are extracted by clustering for each subjec...
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learning-based super-resolution system using single facial image and multi-resolution wavelet synthesis. a learning-based super-resolution system consisting of training and synthesis processes is presented. in the proposed system, a multiresolution wavelet approach is applied to carry out the robust synthesis of both t...
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content-based matching of videos using local spatio-temporal fingerprints. fingerprinting is the process of mapping content or fragments of it, into unique, discriminative hashes called fingerprints. in this paper, we propose an automated video identification algorithm that employs fingerprinting for storing videos ins...
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a new framework for grayscale and colour non-lambertian shape-from-shading. in this paper we show how arbitrary surface reflectance properties can be incorporated into a shape-from-shading scheme, by using a riemannian minimisation scheme to minimise the brightness error. we show that for face images an additional regu...
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comparative studies on multispectral palm image fusion for biometrics. hand biometrics, including fingerprint, palmprint, hand geometry and hand vein pattern, have obtained extensive attention in recent years. physiologically, skin is a complex multi-layered tissue consisting of various types of components. optical res...
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image and video matting with membership propagation. two techniques are devised for a natural image matting method using semi-supervised object extraction. one is a guiding scheme for placement of user strokes specifying object or background regions and the other is a scheme of adjustment of object colors for conformin...
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high capacity watermarking in nonedge texture under statistical distortion constraint. high-capacity image watermarking scheme aims at maximize bit rate of hiding information, neither eliciting perceptible image distortion nor facilitating special watermark attack. texture, in preattentive vision, delivers itself by co...
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localized content-based image retrieval using semi-supervised multiple instance learning. in this paper, we propose a semi-supervised multiple-instance learning (ssmil) algorithm, and apply it to localized content-based image retrieval (lcbir), where the goal is to rank all the images in the database, according to the ...
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where's the weet-bix? this paper proposes a new retrieval problem and conducts the initial study. this problem aims at finding the location of an item in a supermarket by means of visual retrieval. it is modelled as object-based retrieval and approached using the local invariant features. two existing retrieval methods...
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evolving measurement regions for depth from defocus. depth from defocus (dfd) is a 3d recovery method based on estimating the amount of defocus induced by finite lens apertures. given two images with different camera settings, the problem is to measure the resulting differences in defocus across the image, and to estim...
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a convex programming approach to the trace quotient problem. the trace quotient problem arises in many applications in pattern classification and computer vision, e.g., manifold learning, low-dimension embedding, etc. the task is to solve a optimization problem involving maximizing the ratio of two traces, i.e., maxw t...
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kernel discriminant analysis based on canonical differences for face recognition in image sets. a novel kernel discriminant transformation (kdt) algorithm based on the concept of canonical differences is presented for automatic face recognition applications. for each individual, the face recognition system compiles a m...
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visual odometry for non-overlapping views using second-order cone programming. we present a solution for motion estimation for a set of cameras which are firmly mounted on a head unit and do not have overlapping views in each image. this problem relates to ego-motion estimation of multiple cameras, or visual odometry. ...
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stereo vision enabling precise border localization within a scanline optimization framework. a novel algorithm for obtaining accurate dense disparity measurements and precise border localization from stereo pairs is proposed. the algorithm embodies a very effective variable support approach based on segmentation within...
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a fast and noise-tolerant method for positioning centers of spiraling and circulating vector fields. identification of centers of circulating and spiraling vector fields are important in many applications. tropical cyclone tracking, rotating object identification, analysis of motion video and movement of fluids are but...
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color-stripe structured light robust to surface color and discontinuity. multiple color stripes have been employed for structured light-based rapid range imaging to increase the number of uniquely identifiable stripes. the use of multiple color stripes poses two problems: (1) object surface color may disturb the stripe...
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viewpoint insensitive action recognition using envelop shape. action recognition is a popular and important research topic in computer vision. however, it is challenging when facing viewpoint variance. so far, most researches in action recognition remain rooted in view-dependent representations. some view invariance ap...
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shape recovery from turntable image sequence. this paper makes use of both feature points and silhouettes to deliver fast 3d shape recovery from a turntable image sequence. the algorithm exploits object silhouettes in two views to establish a 3d rim curve, which is defined with respect to the two frontier points arisin...
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fast 3-d interpretation from monocular image sequences on large motion fields. this paper proposes a fast method for dense 3-d interpretation to directly estimate a dense map of relative depth and motion from a monocular sequence of images on large motion fields. the nagel-enkelmann technique is employed in the variati...
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a regularized approach to feature selection for face detection. in this paper we present a trainable method for selecting features from an overcomplete dictionary of measurements. the starting point is a thresholded version of the landweber algorithm for providing a sparse solution to a linear system of equations. we c...
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adaptively determining degrees of implicit polynomial curves and surfaces. fitting an implicit polynomial (ip) to a data set usually suffers from the difficulty of determining a moderate polynomial degree. an over-low degree leads to inaccuracy than one expects, whereas an overhigh degree leads to global instability. w...
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iris tracking and regeneration for improving nonverbal interface. in this study, we discuss the quality of teleconference with respect to especially to the "eye-contact". recently, video conference system can be used easily even in the mobile phone environment with camera, and many people use it in daily life. since hu...
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multiple view geometry for non-rigid motions viewed from translational cameras. this paper introduces multiple view geometry under projective projections from four-dimensional space to two-dimensional space which can represent multiple view geometry under the projection of space with time. we show the multifocal tensor...
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shape representation and classification using boundary radius function. in this paper, a new method for the problem of shape representation and classification is proposed. in this method, we define a radius function on the contour of the shape which captures for each point of the boundary, attributes of its related int...
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efficient graph cuts for multiclass interactive image segmentation. interactive image segmentation has attracted much attention in the vision and graphics community recently. a typical application for interactive image segmentation is foreground/background segmentation based on user specified brush labellings. the prob...
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motion observability analysis of the simplified color correlogram for visual tracking. compared with the color histogram, where the position information of each pixel is ignored, a simplified color correlogram (scc) representation encodes the spatial information explicitly and enables an estimation algorithm to recover...
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simultaneous plane extraction and 2d homography estimation using local feature transformations. in this paper, we use local feature transformations estimated in the matching process as initial seeds for 2d homography estimation. the number of testing hypotheses is equal to the number of matches, naturally enabling a fu...
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identifying foreground from multiple images. in this paper, we present a novel foreground extraction method that automatically identifies image regions corresponding to a common space region seen from multiple cameras. we assume that background regions present some color coherence in each image and we exploit the spati...
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a novel multi-stage classifier for face recognition. a novel face recognition scheme based on multi-stages classifier, which includes methods of support vector machine (svm), eigenface, and random sample consensus (ransac), is proposed in this paper. the whole decision process is conducted cascade coarse-to-fine stages...
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conic fitting using the geometric distance. we consider the problem of fitting a conic to a set of 2d points. it is commonly agreed that minimizing geometrical error, i.e. the sum of squared distances between the points and the conic, is better than using an algebraic error measure. however, most existing methods rely ...
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statistical framework for shot segmentation and classification in sports video. in this paper, a novel statistical framework is proposed for shot segmentation and classification. the proposed framework segments and classifies shots simultaneously using same difference features based on statistical inference. the task o...
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temporal priors for novel video synthesis. in this paper we propose a method to construct a virtual sequence for a camera moving through a static environment given an input sequence from a different camera trajectory. existing image-based rendering techniques can generate photorealistic images given a set of input view...
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face mis-alignment analysis by multiple-instance subspace. in this paper, we systematically study the effect of poorly registered faces on the training and inferring stages of traditional face recognition algorithms. we then propose a novel multiple-instance based subspace learning scheme for face recognition. in this ...
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backward segmentation and region fitting for geometrical visibility range estimation. we present a new application of computer vision: continuous measurement of the geometrical visibility range on inter-urban roads, solely based on a monocular image acquisition system. to tackle this problem, we propose first a road se...
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image correspondence from motion subspace constraint and epipolar constraint. in this paper, we propose a novel method for inferring image correspondences on the pair of synchronized image sequences. in the proposed method, after tracking the feature points in each image sequence over several frames, we solve the image...
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analyzing facial expression by fusing manifolds. feature representation and classification are two major issues in facial expression analysis. in the past, most methods used either holistic or local representation for analysis. in essence, local information mainly focuses on the subtle variations of expressions and hol...
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content-based image retrieval by indexing random subwindows with randomized trees. we propose a new method for content-based image retrieval which exploits the similarity measure and indexing structure of totally randomized tree ensembles induced from a set of subwindows randomly extracted from a sample of images. we a...
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palmprint recognition under unconstrained scenes. this paper presents a novel real-time palmprint recognition system for cooperative user applications. this system is the first one achieving noncontact capturing and recognizing palmprint images under unconstrained scenes. its novelties can be described in two aspects. ...
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accelerating pattern matching or how much can you slide? this paper describes a method that accelerates pattern matching. the distance between a pattern and a window is usually close to the distance of the pattern to the adjacement windows due to image smoothness. we show how to exploit this fact to reduce the running ...
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learning gabor magnitude features for palmprint recognition. palmprint recognition, as a new branch of biometric technology, has attracted much attention in recent years. various palmprint representations have been proposed for recognition. gabor feature has been recognized as one of the most effective representations ...
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total absolute gaussian curvature for stereo prior. in spite of the great progress in stereo matching algorithms, the prior models they use, i.e., the assumptions about the probability to see each possible surface, have not changed much in three decades. here, we introduce a novel prior model motivated by psychophysica...
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information fusion for multi-camera and multi-body structure and motion. information fusion algorithms have been successful in many vision tasks such as stereo, motion estimation, registration and robot localization. stereo and motion image analysis are intimately connected and can provide complementary information to ...
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a basin morphology approach to colour image segmentation by region merging. the problem of colour image segmentation is investigated in the context of mathematical morphology. morphological operators are extended to colour images by means of a lexicographical ordering in a polar colour space, which are then employed in...
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continuously tracking objects across multiple widely separated cameras. in this paper, we present a new solution to the problem of multi-camera tracking with non-overlapping fields of view. the identities of moving objects are maintained when they are traveling from one camera to another. appearance information and spa...
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spatiotemporal oriented energy features for visual tracking. this paper presents a novel feature set for visual tracking that is derived from "oriented energies". more specifically, energy measures are used to capture a target's multiscale orientation structure across both space and time, yielding a rich description of...
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a cascade of feed-forward classifiers for fast pedestrian detection. we develop a method that can detect humans in a single image based on a new cascaded structure. in our approach, both the rectangle features and 1-d edge-orientation features are employed in the feature pool for weak-learner selection, which can be co...
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synchronized ego-motion recovery of two face-to-face cameras. a movie captured by a wearable camera affixed to an actor's body gives audiences the sense of "immerse in the movie". the raw movie captured by wearable camera needs stabilization with jitters due to ego-motion. however, conventional approaches often fail in...
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multiperspective distortion correction using collineations. we present a new framework for correcting multiperspective distortions using collineations. a collineation describes the transformation between the images of a camera due to changes in sampling and image plane selection. we show that image distortions in many ...
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machine vision in early days: japan's pioneering contributions. the history of machine vision started in the mid-1960s by the efforts of japanese industry researchers. a variety of prominent vision-based systems was made possible by creating and evolving real-time image processing techniques, and was applied to factory...
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how marginal likelihood inference unifies entropy, correlation and snr-based stopping in nonlinear diffusion scale-spaces. iterative smoothing algorithms are frequently applied in image restoration tasks. the result depends crucially on the optimal stopping (scale selection) criteria. an attempt is made towards the uni...
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pedestrian detection using global-local motion patterns. we propose a novel learning strategy called global-local motion pattern classification (glmpc) to localize pedestrian-like motion patterns in videos. instead of modeling such patterns as a single class that alone can lead to high intra-class variability, three me...
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flea, do you remember me? the ability to detect and recognize individuals is essential for an autonomous robot interacting with humans even if computational resources are usually rather limited. in general a small user group can be assumed for interaction. the robot has to distinguish between multiple users and further...
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optimal algorithms in multiview geometry. this is a survey paper summarizing recent research aimed at finding guaranteed optimal algorithms for solving problems in multiview geometry. many of the traditional problems in multiview geometry now have optimal solutions in terms of minimizing residual imageplane error. succ...
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coarse-to-fine statistical shape model by bayesian inference. in this paper, we take a predefined geometry shape as a constraint for accurate shape alignment. a shape model is divided in two parts: fixed shape and active shape. the fixed shape is a user-predefined simple shape with only a few landmarks which can be eas...
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finding camera overlap in large surveillance networks. recent research on video surveillance across multiple cameras has typically focused on camera networks of the order of 10 cameras. in this paper we argue that existing systems do not scale to a network of hundreds, or thousands, of cameras. we describe the design a...
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multiview pedestrian detection based on vector boosting. in this paper, a multiview pedestrian detection method based on vector boosting algorithm is presented. the extended histograms of oriented gradients (ehog) features are formed via dominant orientations in which gradient orientations are quantified into several a...
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a noise-insensitive object tracking algorithm. in this paper, we brought out a noise-insensitive pixel-wise object tracking algorithm whose kernel is a new reliable data grouping algorithm that introduces the reliability evaluation into the existing k-means clustering (called as rk-means clustering). the rk-means clust...
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calibrating pan-tilt cameras with telephoto lenses. pan-tilt cameras are widely used in surveillance networks. these cameras are often equipped with telephoto lenses to capture objects at a distance. such a camera makes full-metric calibration more difficult since the projection with a telephoto lens is close to orthog...
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Dataset used in the paper:

A thorough benchmark of automatic text classification From traditional approaches to large language models

https://github.com/waashk/atcBench

To guarantee the reproducibility of the obtained results, the dataset and its respective CV train-test partitions is available here.

Each dataset contains the following files:

  • data.parquet: pandas DataFrame with texts and associated encoded labels for each document.
  • split_<k>.pkl: pandas DataFrame with k-cross validation partition.
  • For each fold <k>:
    • train_fold_<k>.parquet: pandas DataFrame with texts and associated encoded labels for each document on the training split k (according to split_<k>.pkl)
    • train_fold_<k>.parquet: pandas DataFrame with texts and associated encoded labels for each document on the testing split k (according to split_<k>.pkl)
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