Who&When Pro: Can LLMs Really Attribute Failures in AI Agents?
Paper • 2607.09996 • Published
id stringlengths 15 35 | framework stringclasses 8
values | benchmark stringclasses 16
values | task stringlengths 52 4.49k | trajectory stringlengths 1.6k 97.6k | ground_truth stringclasses 330
values | extras stringclasses 658
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
alfworld_alfagent_0001 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 1, a drawer 8, a drawer 7, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a dresser 1, a garbagecan 1, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shelf 3, a shelf 2, and a shelf 1.... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 1, a drawer 8, a drawer 7, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a dresser 1, a garbagecan 1, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shelf 3, a shelf ... | {"agent":null,"step":6,"mode":"A.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0002 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bathtubbasin 1, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a countertop 2, a countertop 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a handtowelholder 1, a shelf 2, a shelf 1, a si... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bathtubbasin 1, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a countertop 2, a countertop 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a handtowelholder 1, a shelf 2... | {"agent":null,"step":1,"mode":"R.2"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0003 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeemachine 1, a countertop 3, a countertop 2, a countertop 1, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a fridge 1, a garbage... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeemachine 1, a countertop 3, a countertop 2, a countertop 1, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a fr... | {"agent":null,"step":2,"mode":"R.2"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0004 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeemachine 1, a countertop 3, a countertop 2, a countertop 1, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a fridge 1, a garbage... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeemachine 1, a countertop 3, a countertop 2, a countertop 1, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a fr... | {"agent":null,"step":13,"mode":"R.1"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0005 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 2, a bed 1, a diningtable 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a shelf 14, a shelf 13, a shelf 12, a shelf 11, a shelf 10, a shelf 9, a shelf 8, a shelf 7, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 2, a bed 1, a diningtable 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a shelf 14, a shelf 13, a shelf 12, a shelf 11, a shelf 10, a shelf 9, a shelf 8, a shelf 7, a shelf 6, a shel... | {"agent":null,"step":1,"mode":"R.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0006 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 15, a cabinet 14, a cabinet 13, a cabinet 12, a cabinet 11, a cabinet 10, a cabinet 9, a cabinet 8, a cabinet 7, a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 15, a cabinet 14, a cabinet 13, a cabinet 12, a cabinet 11, a cabinet 10, a cabinet 9, a cabinet 8, a cabinet 7, a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet ... | {"agent":null,"step":14,"mode":"R.2"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0007 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a armchair 2, a armchair 1, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeetable 1, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a dresser 1, a garbagecan 1, a sidetable 1, and a sofa 1.... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a armchair 2, a armchair 1, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeetable 1, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a dresser 1, a garbagecan 1, a sidetable... | {"agent":null,"step":26,"mode":"V.1"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0008 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a armchair 2, a armchair 1, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeetable 1, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a dresser 1, a garbagecan 1, a sidetable 1, and a sofa 1.... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a armchair 2, a armchair 1, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeetable 1, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a dresser 1, a garbagecan 1, a sidetable... | {"agent":null,"step":9,"mode":"A.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0009 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shelf 3, a shelf 2, a... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shel... | {"agent":null,"step":8,"mode":"R.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0010 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shelf 3, a shelf 2, a... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shel... | {"agent":null,"step":3,"mode":"V.2"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0011 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a countertop 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a handtowelholder 2, a handtowelholder 1, a sinkbasin 2, a sinkbasin 1, a toilet 1, a toiletpaperhanger 1, and a towelholder 1.\n\nYour task is to... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a countertop 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a handtowelholder 2, a handtowelholder 1, a sinkbasin 2, a sinkbasin 1, a toilet 1, a toiletpaperhanger 1, and a towelholder 1.\n... | {"agent":null,"step":2,"mode":"R.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0012 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a shelf 1, and a sidetable 1.\n\nYour task is to: put a cellphone in desk.","answer":null} | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a shelf 1, and a sidetable 1.\n\nYour task is to: put a cellphone in desk."},{"kind":"action","step_number":1,"reasoning":"The... | {"agent":null,"step":6,"mode":"R.2"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0013 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 9, a cabinet 8, a cabinet 7, a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeemachine 1, a countertop 2, a countertop 1, a drawer 13, a drawer 12, a drawer... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 9, a cabinet 8, a cabinet 7, a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeemachine 1, a countertop 2, a countertop 1, a drawer 13, a dr... | {"agent":null,"step":3,"mode":"R.2"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0014 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bathtubbasin 1, a countertop 1, a drawer 8, a drawer 7, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a handtowelholder 1, a sinkbasin 1, a toilet 1, a toilet... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bathtubbasin 1, a countertop 1, a drawer 8, a drawer 7, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a handtowelholder 1, a sinkbasin 1, a t... | {"agent":null,"step":29,"mode":"V.1"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0015 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shelf 3, a shelf 2, a... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shel... | {"agent":null,"step":3,"mode":"R.2"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0016 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a armchair 1, a bed 1, a diningtable 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a sidetable 2, and a sidetable 1.\n\nYour task is to: put two cd in garbagecan.","answer":null} | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a armchair 1, a bed 1, a diningtable 1, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a sidetable 2, and a sidetable 1.\n\nYour task is to: put two cd in garbagecan."},{"kind":"action","step_... | {"agent":null,"step":5,"mode":"R.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0017 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 12, a cabinet 11, a cabinet 10, a cabinet 9, a cabinet 8, a cabinet 7, a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeemachine 1, a countertop 2, a counte... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 12, a cabinet 11, a cabinet 10, a cabinet 9, a cabinet 8, a cabinet 7, a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a coffeemachine 1, a count... | {"agent":null,"step":3,"mode":"A.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0018 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shelf 3, a shelf 2, a... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shel... | {"agent":null,"step":18,"mode":"R.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0019 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shelf 3, a shelf 2, a... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a bed 1, a desk 2, a desk 1, a drawer 6, a drawer 5, a drawer 4, a drawer 3, a drawer 2, a drawer 1, a garbagecan 1, a laundryhamper 1, a safe 1, a shelf 6, a shelf 5, a shelf 4, a shel... | {"agent":null,"step":4,"mode":"R.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0020 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 15, a cabinet 14, a cabinet 13, a cabinet 12, a cabinet 11, a cabinet 10, a cabinet 9, a cabinet 8, a cabinet 7, a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 15, a cabinet 14, a cabinet 13, a cabinet 12, a cabinet 11, a cabinet 10, a cabinet 9, a cabinet 8, a cabinet 7, a cabinet 6, a cabinet 5, a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet ... | {"agent":null,"step":9,"mode":"A.4"} | {} |
alfworld_alfagent_0021 | alfagent | alfworld | {"query":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a countertop 1, a garbagecan 1, a handtowelholder 1, a sinkbasin 2, a sinkbasin 1, a toilet 1, a toiletpaperhanger 1, and a towelholder 1.\n\nYour tas... | [{"kind":"user","content":"-= Welcome to TextWorld, ALFRED! =-\n\nYou are in the middle of a room. Looking quickly around you, you see a cabinet 4, a cabinet 3, a cabinet 2, a cabinet 1, a countertop 1, a garbagecan 1, a handtowelholder 1, a sinkbasin 2, a sinkbasin 1, a toilet 1, a toiletpaperhanger 1, and a towelhold... | {"agent":null,"step":13,"mode":"R.1"} | {} |
Who&When Pro is a failure attribution benchmark for LLM agent systems. Each trace is an agent trajectory, single or multi agent, with one realistic error injected at a known step. The label records who made the error, when it happened, and what kind of error it was. Given a trajectory, the evaluated model has to recover all three.
Each row is one trace:
| column | meaning |
|---|---|
id |
unique trace id |
framework |
agent framework of the trajectory |
benchmark |
source benchmark |
task |
the original task: query, reference answer, inputs |
trajectory |
the full agent rollout |
ground_truth |
the label: agent, step, and error mode |
extras |
framework specific metadata |
task, trajectory, ground_truth, and extras are JSON strings, so
json.loads them to consume. Image and image_gui traces embed their
images in the row; video traces reference frame files under
video_assets/.
text, image, video — tool-use, chart/search, and video agent
traces across single- and multi-agent frameworks.image_gui — GUI agent traces with full screenshot observations:
coact (OSWorld, multi-agent) and openai_cua (OSWorld), plus
agentoccam and gemini (WebVoyager). ground_truth.step is
1-indexed and matches the trajectory's step_number directly.17 error modes in 6 categories, defined in taxonomy.yaml:
The companion evaluation harness, with renderers for every framework and the scoring pipeline, is on GitHub: whowhenpro/whowhen_pro.
@article{liu2026pro,
title={Who\&When Pro: Can LLMs Really Attribute Failures in AI Agents?},
author={Liu, Jiale and Xi, Huajun and Zhang, Shaokun and Zeng, Yifan and Yue, Tianwei and Wang, Chi and Kang, Jian and Wu, Qingyun and Wang, Huazheng},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.09996},
year={2026}
}