Prompt:
Q: crashing app when use space in autocompletetextview

I am creating an app. my app is crash when i enter any word after provide space in autocompletetextview and then again when i enter any word then its crash. please help me. using following code.........
        public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnMapReadyCallback,
    GoogleApiClient.ConnectionCallbacks,GoogleApiClient.OnConnectionFailedListener,
    LocationListener, AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {

 private GoogleMap mMap;
    GoogleApiClient mGoogleApiClient;
    Location mLastLocation;
    Marker mCurrLocationMarker,FindMarker;
    LocationRequest mLocationRequest;
    AutoCompleteTextView atvPlaces;
    DownloadTask placesDownloadTask;
    DownloadTask placeDetailsDownloadTask;
    ParserTask placesParserTask;
    ParserTask placeDetailsParserTask;
    LatLng latLng;
    final int PLACES = 0;
    final int PLACES_DETAILS = 1;
    ListView lv;
    ImageButton remove;
    private boolean exit = false;

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    // Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
    // setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
    checkLocationPermission();
    }

    FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton)           findViewById(R.id.fab);
    fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
    onLocationChanged(mLastLocation);
    }
    });

    SupportMapFragment mapFragment = (SupportMapFragment)      getSupportFragmentManager()
   .findFragmentById(R.id.map);
    mapFragment.getMapAsync(this);

    remove = (ImageButton)findViewById(R.id.place_autocomplete_clear_button);

    // Getting a reference to the AutoCompleteTextView
    atvPlaces = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.id_search_EditText);
    atvPlaces.setThreshold(1);

    // Adding textchange listener
    atvPlaces.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {

    @Override
    public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
    // Creating a DownloadTask to download Google Places matching "s"
    placesDownloadTask = new DownloadTask(PLACES);

    // Getting url to the Google Places Autocomplete api
         String url = getAutoCompleteUrl(s.toString().trim());

    // Start downloading Google Places
    // This causes to execute doInBackground() of DownloadTask class

        placesDownloadTask.execute(url);

        if (!atvPlaces.getText().toString().equals("")){
            lv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            remove.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }else  {
            lv.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            remove.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count,
    int after) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    }

    @Override
    public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    }
    });

    // Setting an item click listener for the AutoCompleteTextView dropdown list
   /* atvPlaces.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int index,
    long id) {

    ListView lv = (ListView) arg0;
    SimpleAdapter adapter = (SimpleAdapter) arg0.getAdapter();

    HashMap<String, String> hm = (HashMap<String, String>) adapter.getItem(index);

    // Creating a DownloadTask to download Places details of the selected place
    placeDetailsDownloadTask = new DownloadTask(PLACES_DETAILS);

    // Getting url to the Google Places details api
    String url = getPlaceDetailsUrl(hm.get("reference"));

    // Start downloading Google Place Details
    // This causes to execute doInBackground() of DownloadTask class
    placeDetailsDownloadTask.execute(url);

        InputMethodManager inputManager = (InputMethodManager)
                getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);

        inputManager.hideSoftInputFromWindow(getCurrentFocus().getWindowToken(),
                InputMethodManager.HIDE_NOT_ALWAYS);

    }
    });*/
    lv=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list);

    lv.setOnItemClickListener(this);

   setListenerOnWidget();
}

private void setListenerOnWidget() {
    View.OnClickListener listener = new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
        atvPlaces.setText("");
        }
    };
    remove.setOnClickListener(listener);
}

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    if(exit){
        finish();
    }else {
        Toast.makeText(this, "Tap Back again to Exit.",
                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        exit = true;
        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                exit = false;
            }
        }, 3 * 1000);

    }
    }

@Override
public void onItemClick (AdapterView <? > adapterView, View view,int i, long l){
    //ListView lv = (ListView) adapterView;
    SimpleAdapter adapter = (SimpleAdapter) adapterView.getAdapter();

    HashMap<String, String> hm = (HashMap<String, String>) adapter.getItem(i);

    // Creating a DownloadTask to download Places details of the selected place
    placeDetailsDownloadTask = new DownloadTask(PLACES_DETAILS);

    // Getting url to the Google Places details api
    String url = getPlaceDetailsUrl(hm.get("reference"));

    // Start downloading Google Place Details
    // This causes to execute doInBackground() of DownloadTask class
    placeDetailsDownloadTask.execute(url);

    InputMethodManager inputManager = (InputMethodManager)
            getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);

    inputManager.hideSoftInputFromWindow(getCurrentFocus().getWindowToken(),
            InputMethodManager.HIDE_NOT_ALWAYS);

    String str = ((TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.place_name)).getText().toString();
    Toast.makeText(this,str, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    atvPlaces.setText(str.replace(' ',','));

    lv.setVisibility(view.GONE);

}

 private String getPlaceDetailsUrl(String ref) {
    // Obtain browser key from https://code.google.com/apis/console
    String key = "key=**************************************";

    // reference of place
    String reference = "reference=" + ref;

    // Sensor enabled
    String sensor = "sensor=false";

    // Building the parameters to the web service
    String parameters = reference + "&" + sensor + "&" + key;

    // Output format
    String output = "json";

    // Building the url to the web service
    String url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/details/" + output + "?" + parameters;

    return url;
    }

 private String getAutoCompleteUrl(String place) {
    // Obtain browser key from https://code.google.com/apis/console
    String key = "key=*********************************";

    // place to be be searched
    String input = "input=" + place;

    // place type to be searched
    String types = "types=geocode";

    // Sensor enabled
    String sensor = "sensor=false";

    // Building the parameters to the web service
    String parameters = input + "&" + types + "&" + sensor + "&" + key;

    // Output format
    String output = "json";

    // Building the url to the web service
    String url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/autocomplete/" + output + "?" + parameters;

    return url;
    }

  /**
      * A method to download json data from url
  */
 private String downloadUrl(String strUrl) throws IOException {
    String data = "";
    InputStream iStream = null;
    HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
    try {
    URL url = new URL(strUrl);

    // Creating an http connection to communicate with url
    urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

    // Connecting to url
    urlConnection.connect();

    // Reading data from url
    iStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(iStream));

    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

    String line = "";
    while ((line = br.readLine())!= null) {
    sb.append(line);
    }

    data = sb.toString();

    br.close();

    } catch (Exception e) {
    Log.d("Exception while downloading url", e.toString());
    } finally {
    iStream.close();
    urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
    return data;
    }

 public static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION = 99;

 public boolean checkLocationPermission() {
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
   != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {

    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
    new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
    MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION);
    } else {
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
    new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
    MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION);
    }
    return false;
    } else {
    return true;
    }

    }

 @Override
 public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
    return true;
    }

 @Override
 public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
    // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
    // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
    int id = item.getItemId();

    //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
    if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
    return true;
    }

    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

 @Override
  public void onConnected(@Nullable Bundle bundle) {
    mLocationRequest = new LocationRequest();
    //mLocationRequest.setInterval(1000);
    //mLocationRequest.setFastestInterval(1000);
         mLocationRequest.setPriority(LocationRequest.PRIORITY_BALANCED_POWER_ACCURACY);

    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    LocationServices.FusedLocationApi.requestLocationUpdates(mGoogleApiClient, mLocationRequest, this);
    }
    }

  @Override
  public void onConnectionSuspended(int i) {

    }

 @Override
 public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
mLastLocation = location;
if(mCurrLocationMarker!= null){
    mCurrLocationMarker.remove();
}

LatLng latLng = new LatLng(location.getLatitude(),location.getLongitude());
MarkerOptions markerOption = new MarkerOptions();
markerOption.position(latLng);
markerOption.title("Current Position");
markerOption.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory.defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_MAGENTA));
mCurrLocationMarker = mMap.addMarker(markerOption);
Toast.makeText(this,"Location changed",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
CameraPosition cameraPosition = new CameraPosition.Builder().target(latLng).zoom(13).build();
mMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newCameraPosition(cameraPosition));

if(mGoogleApiClient!= null){
    LocationServices.FusedLocationApi.removeLocationUpdates(mGoogleApiClient,this);
}

    loadNearByPlaces(location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude());
    }

 @Override
 public void onConnectionFailed(@NonNull ConnectionResult connectionResult) {

    }

  @Override
  public void onMapReady(GoogleMap googleMap) {

    mMap = googleMap;

    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
    android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
    == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    buildGoogleApiClient();
    mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);

    }
    } else {
    buildGoogleApiClient();
    mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
    }

    }

 protected synchronized void buildGoogleApiClient() {
    mGoogleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this)
   .addConnectionCallbacks(this)
   .addOnConnectionFailedListener(this)
   .addApi(LocationServices.API)
   .build();
    mGoogleApiClient.connect();
    }

 @Override
 public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
    String permissions[], int[] grantResult) {
    switch (requestCode) {
    case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION: {

    if (grantResult.length > 0
    && grantResult[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
    == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    if (mGoogleApiClient == null) {
    buildGoogleApiClient();
    }
    mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
    }

    } else {
    Toast.makeText(this, "permisison denied", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
    return;
    }

    }
    }

 private void loadNearByPlaces(double latitude, double longitude) {
 //YOU Can change this type at your own will, e.g hospital, cafe,      restaurant.... and see how it all works
    String type = "atm";
    StringBuilder googlePlacesUrl =
    new    StringBuilder("https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/nearbysearch/json?");
    googlePlacesUrl.append("location=").append(latitude).append(",").append(longitude);
    googlePlacesUrl.append("&radius=").append(PROXIMITY_RADIUS);
    googlePlacesUrl.append("&types=").append(type);
    googlePlacesUrl.append("&sensor=true");
    googlePlacesUrl.append("&key=" + GOOGLE_BROWSER_API_KEY);

    JsonObjectRequest request = new JsonObjectRequest(googlePlacesUrl.toString(),
    new Response.Listener<JSONObject>() {
 @Override
 public void onResponse(JSONObject result) {

    Log.i(TAG, "onResponse: Result= " + result.toString());
    parseLocationResult(result);
    }
    },
    new Response.ErrorListener() {
  @Override
  public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
    Log.e(TAG, "onErrorResponse: Error= " + error);
    Log.e(TAG, "onErrorResponse: Error= " + error.getMessage());
    }
    });

    AppController.getInstance().addToRequestQueue(request);
    }

  private void parseLocationResult(JSONObject result) {

    String id, place_id, placeName = null, reference, icon, vicinity = null;
    double latitude, longitude;

    try {
    JSONArray jsonArray = result.getJSONArray("results");

    if (result.getString(STATUS).equalsIgnoreCase(OK)) {

    //mMap.clear();

    for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
    JSONObject place = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);

    id = place.getString(ATM_ID);
    place_id = place.getString(PLACE_ID);
    if (!place.isNull(NAME)) {
    placeName = place.getString(NAME);
    }
    if (!place.isNull(VICINITY)) {
    vicinity = place.getString(VICINITY);
    }
    latitude = place.getJSONObject(GEOMETRY).getJSONObject(LOCATION)
   .getDouble(LATITUDE);
    longitude = place.getJSONObject(GEOMETRY).getJSONObject(LOCATION)
   .getDouble(LONGITUDE);
    reference = place.getString(REFERENCE);
    icon = place.getString(ICON);

    MarkerOptions markerOptions = new MarkerOptions();
    LatLng latLng = new LatLng(latitude, longitude);
    markerOptions.position(latLng);
    markerOptions.title(placeName);
             markerOptions.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory.defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory .HUE_BLUE));
        markerOptions.snippet(vicinity);
    mMap.addMarker(markerOptions);

        mMap.setInfoWindowAdapter(new GoogleMap.InfoWindowAdapter() {

            @Override
            public View getInfoWindow(Marker arg0) {

                return null;
            }

            @Override
            public View getInfoContents(Marker marker) {
                View myContentsView = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.marker, null);
                TextView tvTitle = ((TextView)myContentsView.findViewById(R.id.title));
                tvTitle.setText(marker.getTitle());
                TextView tvSnippet = ((TextView)myContentsView.findViewById(R.id.snippet));
                tvSnippet.setText(marker.getSnippet());
                return myContentsView;
            }
        });

    }

    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), jsonArray.length() + " ATM_FOUND!",
    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    } else if (result.getString(STATUS).equalsIgnoreCase(ZERO_RESULTS)) {
    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "No ATM found in 5KM radius!!!",
    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }

    } catch (JSONException e) {

    e.printStackTrace();
    Log.e(TAG, "parseLocationResult: Error=" + e.getMessage());
    }
    }

 private class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
private int downloadType = 0;

// Constructor
public DownloadTask(int type) {
    this.downloadType = type;
}

@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... url) {
    // For storing data from web service
    String data = "";

    try {
        // Fetching the data from web service
        data = downloadUrl(url[0]);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.d("Background Task", e.toString());
    }
    return data;
}

@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
    super.onPostExecute(result);

    switch (downloadType) {
        case PLACES:
            // Creating ParserTask for parsing Google Places
            placesParserTask = new ParserTask(PLACES);

            // Start parsing google places json data
            // This causes to execute doInBackground() of ParserTask class
            placesParserTask.execute(result);

            break;

        case PLACES_DETAILS:
            // Creating ParserTask for parsing Google Places
            placeDetailsParserTask = new ParserTask(PLACES_DETAILS);

            // Starting Parsing the JSON string
            // This causes to execute doInBackground() of ParserTask class
            placeDetailsParserTask.execute(result);
    }
}
 }

    /**
     * A class to parse the Google Places in JSON format
    */
 private class ParserTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer,       List<HashMap<String, String>>> {

int parserType = 0;

public ParserTask(int type) {
    this.parserType = type;
}

@Override
protected List<HashMap<String, String>> doInBackground(String... jsonData) {

    JSONObject jObject;
    List<HashMap<String, String>> list = null;

    try {
        jObject = new JSONObject(jsonData[0]);

        switch (parserType) {
            case PLACES:
                PlaceJSONParser placeJsonParser = new PlaceJSONParser();
                // Getting the parsed data as a List construct
                list = placeJsonParser.parse(jObject);
                break;
            case PLACES_DETAILS:
                PlaceDetailsJSONParser placeDetailsJsonParser = new    PlaceDetailsJSONParser();
                // Getting the parsed data as a List construct
                list = placeDetailsJsonParser.parse(jObject);
        }

    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.d("Exception", e.toString());
    }
    return list;
}

   @Override
 protected void onPostExecute(List<HashMap<String, String>> result) {

    switch (parserType) {
        case PLACES:
            String[] from = new String[]{"description"};
            int[] to = new int[]{R.id.place_name};

            // Creating a SimpleAdapter for the AutoCompleteTextView
            //SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(getBaseContext(), result, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, from, to);

            // Setting the adapter
            //atvPlaces.setAdapter(adapter);

            ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(MainActivity.this, result,R.layout.row,from,to);
            // Adding data into listview
            lv.setAdapter(adapter);
            break;
        case PLACES_DETAILS:
            String location = atvPlaces.getText().toString();
            if (location!= null &&!location.equals("")) {
                new GeocoderTask().execute(location);

            }

            break;
    }
}
 }

    private class GeocoderTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<Address>> {

@Override
protected List<Address> doInBackground(String... locationName) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    Geocoder geocoder = new Geocoder(getBaseContext());
    List<Address> addresses = null;

    try {
        // Getting a maximum of 3 Address that matches the input text
        addresses = geocoder.getFromLocationName(locationName[0], 3);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return addresses;
}

protected void onPostExecute(List<Address> addresses) {
    if(addresses==null || addresses.size()==0){
        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "No Location found", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
    for(int i=0;i<addresses.size();i++){
        Address address =  (Address)addresses.get(i);
        latLng = new LatLng(address.getLatitude(), address.getLongitude());
        String addressText = String.format("%s, %s",
                address.getMaxAddressLineIndex() > 0? address.getAddressLine(0) : "",
                address.getCountryName());
        MarkerOptions markerOptions = new MarkerOptions();
        markerOptions.position(latLng);
        markerOptions.title("Find Location");
        markerOptions.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory.defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_RED));
        FindMarker = mMap.addMarker(markerOptions);

        CameraPosition cameraPosition = new CameraPosition.Builder().target(latLng).zoom(13).build();
        mMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newCameraPosition(cameraPosition));

        loadNearByPlaces(address.getLatitude(), address.getLongitude());

    }

}

  }

  }

my app is crash when i enter any word after provide space in autocompletetextview and then again when i enter any word then its crash....

A: Your list is initialized to null at
List<HashMap<String, String>> list = null;

And if the parsing fire any exception, the list will be still null since it won't get initialized & setting a null List to an adapter will produce the NullPointerException at getCount(). So just ensure to initialize it.
List<HashMap<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<>();

IMPORTANT

When you use a space & try to call that URL, it will fire a FileNotFoundException if not encoded properly. In your case, URL url = new URL(strUrl); is firing that exception while using space character.
Easiest way is to replace space with %20. In getAutoCompleteUrl() before return, put the following code to replace space with %20.
private String getAutoCompleteUrl(String place) {

    -------existing code----

    url = url.replaceAll(" ", "%20");
    return url;
}

A: Actually i had faced the same situation. You are adding data to autocomplete textview dynamically, basically just like google for each word you are typing u are getting that data from server, if i am wrong please correct me.
Use this code for populating data into autocomplete textview dynamically from server depending upon your search
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.ksoap2.SoapEnvelope;
import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapSerializationEnvelope;
import org.ksoap2.transport.HttpTransportSE;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.MatrixCursor;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.SyncStateContract.Columns;
import android.support.v4.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.AutoCompleteTextView;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Filter;
import android.widget.FilterQueryProvider;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class TestActivity extends Activity {
    public Context mContext;
    // views declaration
    public AutoCompleteTextView txtAutoComplete;
    public ListView lvItems;
    // arrayList for Adaptor
    ArrayList<String> listItems;
    // getting input from AutocompleteTxt
    String strItemName;
    // making Adaptor for autocompleteTextView
    ArrayAdapter<String> adaptorAutoComplete;
    private static final int ADDRESS_TRESHOLD = 2;
    private Filter filter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // for showing full screen
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,
                WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_listitem);
        mContext = this;
        listItems = new ArrayList<String>();
        // Declaring and getting all views objects
        Button btnShare = (Button) findViewById(R.id.ListItem_btnShare);
        Button btnSort = (Button) findViewById(R.id.ListItem_btnSort);
        lvItems = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.ListItem_lvItem);
        txtAutoComplete = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.ListItem_autoComplete);

        // adding listeners to button
        btnShare.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

            }
        });
        btnSort.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

            }
        });

        String[] from = { "name" };
        int[] to = { android.R.id.text1 };
        SimpleCursorAdapter a = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,
                android.R.layout.simple_dropdown_item_1line, null, from, to, 0);
        a.setStringConversionColumn(1);
        FilterQueryProvider provider = new FilterQueryProvider() {
            @Override
            public Cursor runQuery(CharSequence constraint) {
                // run in the background thread
                if (constraint == null) {
                    return null;
                }
                String[] columnNames = { Columns._ID, "name" };
                MatrixCursor c = new MatrixCursor(columnNames);
                try {

                    // total code for implementing my way of auto complte

                    String SOAP_ACTION = "your action";
                    String NAMESPACE = "your name space";
                    String METHOD_NAME = "your method name";
                    String URL = "your Url";
                    SoapObject objSoap = null;
                    SoapObject request = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, METHOD_NAME);
                    // Use this to add parameters
                    request.addProperty("KEY", yourkey);
                    request.addProperty("Key", constraint);
                    request.addProperty("Key", Id);
                    // Declare the version of the SOAP request
                    SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
                            SoapEnvelope.VER11);
                    envelope.setOutputSoapObject(request);
                    envelope.dotNet = true;

                    HttpTransportSE androidHttpTransport = new HttpTransportSE(
                            URL);

                    // this is the actual part that will call the webservice

                    androidHttpTransport.call(SOAP_ACTION, envelope);
                    // Get the SoapResult from the envelope body.
                    objSoap = (SoapObject) envelope.getResponse();
                    if (objSoap!= null) {
                        String strData = objSoap.toString();

                    }

                    if (objSoap!= null) {
                        System.out.println("getPropertyCountinevents//////////"
                                + objSoap.getPropertyCount());
                        for (int i = 0; i < objSoap.getPropertyCount(); i++) {
                            Object obj = objSoap.getProperty(i);
                            if (obj instanceof SoapObject) {
                                SoapObject objNew = (SoapObject) obj;

                                c.newRow()
                                       .add(i)
                                       .add(objNew.getProperty("Itemname")
                                               .toString());
                            }
                        }
                    }

                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return c;
            }
        };
        a.setFilterQueryProvider(provider);
        txtAutoComplete.setAdapter(a);

    } // on create ends

} // final class ends

replace mine code of getting data from server to yours i.e calling webservices through http calls and it will work like a charm.

How is the Google Places API being used to load nearby places based on latitude and longitude?


Prompt:
Listázd ki a cikkben található személyek közül azokat, akik negatív összefüggésbe hozhatók az eseménnyel. Ne listázd ki azokat, akik csak reagáltak az eseményre vagy elszenvedői annak.

A cikk:
Jordán üzletember és Tiborcz Istvánhoz közeli vállalkozó áll az áfacsökkentéssel jutalmazott hop on-hop off buszos társaságok nagyobb része mögött.
A háborús veszélyhelyzet ürügyén a kormány 5 százalékra csökkenti a hop on-hop off jellegű buszos városnéző szolgáltatás áfáját május 23-ától. Az áfakedvezményért cserébe a szolgáltatóknak ezután fizetniük kell turizmusfejlesztési hozzájárulást, vagyis a 22 százalékpontos adócsökkentés mellé társul egy új, 4 százalékos közteherfizetési kötelezettség. Összességében azonban jól járnak a cégek, hiszen a bruttó ár eddig a nettó plusz 27 százalék áfa volt, ezután pedig a nettó plusz 5 százalék áfa és 4 százalék turizmusfejlesztési hozzájárulás lesz, vagyis a bruttó ár a nettó plusz 9 százalék közteherre változik.

Végeredményben a társaságok minimum 18 százalékkal kevesebb adót fognak fizetni.

Így olcsóbb lehet a szolgáltatásuk, tehát – ha nem csökkentenek árat – nagyobb lehet a hasznuk. Érdeklődtünk, hogy a buszos cégek áraikban érvényesítik-e majd az áfacsökkentést, vagy lenyelik a különbözetet, de nem kaptunk választ tőlük.

FARKAS NORBERT / 24.HU
Ha van készpénzes fizetés, nincs áfacsökkentés
Az áfacsökkentés feltétele, hogy a szolgáltató kizárólag elektronikus fizetési lehetőséget biztosítson a jegyvásárlóknak, és az e-fizetés folyamatosan rendelkezésre álljon. A május 11-ei Kormányinfón Gulyás Gergely azzal indokolta az 5 százalékos áfakulcsot, hogy attól kifehéredik az ágazat. A miniszter elmondása szerint ugyanis sok volt a készpénzes fizetés, ami feketén ment, így jelentős bevételtől esett el az állam. Ha valóban így volt, akkor rohamtempóban kell átállniuk kizárólag elektronikus fizetésre a szolgáltatóknak, amennyiben már május 23-ától élvezni akarják az áfacsökkentést.

Karácsony Gergely kiakadt a kormány intézkedésén, mert szerinte a közösségi közlekedés áfáját kellett volna csökkenteni, nem a hop on-hop off buszokét, amelyeket jellemzően külföldi turisták használnak. A kormány valójában az adófizetők kontójára adott milliárdos ajándékot ezeknek a cégeknek, amelyek nyilván nem fogják ezzel párhuzamosan csökkenteni áraikat – előlegezte meg a főpolgármester.

Jordán milliárdosé és Tiborcz-közeli vállalkozóé a legtöbb busz
Tarlós István hivatali ideje alatt először 20, majd 15 évre szerették volna koncesszióba adni a hop on-hop off tevékenységet, de nem jártak sikerrel. A F


Prompt:
8 PRIX DES HAUTS-DE-FRANCE - 16 partants

53000 euros - Plat - femelles - Handicap divise Classe 2 - 3 ans et Plus - 1600 mètres, Corde à gauche - Ref: +17,5/+2 1 FREJA PASQUIER S. CHAPPET F.
F4 60 2 7p 1p 9p 7p (22) 5p 2p 1p 9p 5p
Toronado (ire)-No Wind No Rain (gb)
2 PINGO DEMURO C. SMAGA D.
F5 59.5 12 5p 5p 1p 1p (22) 6p 3p 4p 7p 7p 6p 4p 10p
Anodin (ire)-Sula'S Charm (fr)
3 TUT TUT {IRE} (oeil Aus) GUYON M. MONFORT (S) FR.
F4 59 16 8p 6p 5p 10p (22) 1p 4p 1p 9p 7p 9p (21) 5p 16p
Kodi Bear (ire)-Tut (ire)
4 MISSALIA (oeil Aus) SOUMILLON C. CAULLERY N.
F4 58.5 11 12p 3p 4p 6p 6p (22) 4p 3p 1p 2p 3p 7p 2p
Prince Gibraltar (fr)-Miss Gandelia (fr)
5 PRIVATE LOUNGE {GB} MENDIZABAL I. CHAPPET F.
F4 58 6 9p 4p 7p 1p 4p (22) 2p
Toronado (ire)-Polarized (gb)
6 SASSICA SEIDL M. SUBORICS A.
F4 56.5 13 2p 3p 9p 7p (22) 5p 3p 5p 9p 11p 3p 1p 3p
Dariyan (fr)-Sassicaia (ger)
7 GHRAINNE {GB} (oeil Aus) VELON MLLE M. GUYADER (S) F.
F3 55.5 5 4p 9p 4p 7p (22) 9p 8p 3p 7p 5p 3p 2p 1p
Ardad (ire)-Asmahan (gb)
8 FASTER SANTIAGO MLLE D. RARICK MME G.
F4 54.5 4 3p 3p 6p 9p 6p 3p (22) 10p 10p 5p 1p 1p 3p
Belardo (ire)-Tantivy (usa)
9 MADAME DE SAXE {IRE} CLAUDIC J. LE DREN DOLEUZE R.
F3 54 7 9p 11p 5p 1p (22) 5p 8p
Saxon Warrior (jpn)-Sariette (ire)
10 ALATHEA (oeil Aus) LEMAITRE A. DELZANGLES M.
F4 54 14 5p (22) 2p 4p 8p 6p (21) 2p
Al Wukair (ire)-Asteria (fr)
11 SNOWFINCH {IRE} BARZALONA M. PANTALL (S) HA.
F3 53.5 1 6p 1p 3p
Dubawi (ire)-Winters Moon (ire)
12 IKEN TRULLIER T. SOUDAN MLLE J.
F4 53.5 8 6p 2p 4p 12p (22) 1p 4p 12p 1p 3p 7p 7p 5p
Vadamos (fr)-Kenwana (fr)
13 CHARLOTTE BAY MOSSE A. FABRE (S) A.
F3 52.5 3 7p 1p 5p 9p (22) 7p 9p
Holy Roman Emperor (ire)-Corail (ire)
14 PRESA DIRETTA (oeil) MANGIONE R. GUARNIERI M.
F4 52.5 10 4p 8p 12p 6p 4p 6p 4p 4p (22) 4p 3p 6p 2p
Sidestep (aus)-Ghada Amer (fr)
15 DARK ZEL JOURNIAC H. CAULLERY N.
F3 52.5 9 6p 9p 6p 6p 2p 7p
Zelzal (fr)-Hathfa (fr)
16 HENOUVILLE HARDOUIN E. COLLET (S) ROD.
F5 51.5 15 3p 3p 11p 9p (22) 4p 2p 9p 2p 7p 5p 9p (21) 1p
Rajsaman (fr)-Heaven'S Cause (usa)                                                         A partir des données fournies, déterminez une sélection de 8 chevaux dans l'ordre de vos préférence susceptibles de figurer parmi les 5 premiers à l'arrivée de la course.Ne pas afficher les argumentations de la réponse et récupérer la sélection de façon horizontale.


Prompt:
The Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) is an Australian external territory comprising a volcanic group of barren Antarctic islands, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica. The group's overall size is 372 square kilometres (144 sq mi) in area and it has 101.9 km (63 mi) of coastline. Discovered in the mid-19th century, the islands have been an Australian territory since 1947 and contain the country's only two active volcanoes. The summit of one, Mawson Peak, is higher than any mountain on the Australian mainland. The islands lie on the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean.
Heard Island, by far the largest of the group, is a 368-square-kilometre (142 sq mi) bleak and mountainous island located at 53°06′S 73°31′E / 53.100°S 73.517°E. Its mountains are covered by 41 glaciers (the island is 80% covered with ice) and dominated by Mawson Peak, a 2,745-metre-high (9,006 ft) complex volcano which forms part of the Big Ben massif. A July 2000 satellite image from the University of Hawaii's Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) Thermal Alert Team showed an active 2-kilometre-long (1.2 mi) and 50- to 90-metre-wide (164–295 ft) lava flow trending south-west from the summit of Big Ben.
The McDonald Islands are located 44 kilometres (27 mi) to the west of Heard Island at 53°02′20″S 72°36′04″E / 53.03889°S 72.60111°E. The islands are small and rocky. In 1980 they consisted of McDonald Island (186 metres (610 ft) high), Flat Island (55 metres (180 ft) high) and Meyer Rock (170 metres (560 ft) high). They totalled approximately 2.5 square kilometres (1.0 sq mi) in area, where McDonald Island was 1.13 square kilometres (0.4 sq mi). There is a small group of islets and rocks about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Heard Island, consisting of Shag Islet, Sail Rock, Morgan Island and Black Rock. They total about 1.1 square kilometres (0.4 sq mi) in area.
Mawson Peak and McDonald Island are the only two active volcanoes in Australian territory. Mawson Peak is also one of the highest Australian mountains (higher than Mount Kosciuszko); surpassed only by Mount McClintock range in the Antarctic territory. Mawson Peak has erupted several times in the last decade; the most recent eruption was filmed on 2 February 2016. The volcano on McDonald Island, after being dormant for 75,000 years, became active in 1992 and has erupted several times since, the most recent in 2005.
Heard Island and the McDonald Islands have no ports or harbours; ships must anchor offshore. The coastline is 101.9 kilometres (63.3 mi), and a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive fishing zone are claimed.
The islands have an Antarctic climate, tempered by their maritime setting. The weather is marked by low seasonal and daily temperature ranges, persistent and generally low cloud cover, frequent precipitation and strong winds. Snowfall occurs throughout the year. Monthly average temperatures at Atlas Cove (at the northwestern end of Heard Island) range from 0.0 to 4.2 °C (32.0 to 39.6 °F), with an average daily range of 3.7 to 5.2 °C (38.7 to 41.4 °F) in summer and −0.8 to 0.3 °C (30.6 to 32.5 °F) in winter. The winds are predominantly westerly and persistently strong. At Atlas Cove, monthly average wind speeds range between around 26 and 33.5 km/h (16.2 and 20.8 mph). Gusts in excess of 180 km/h (110 mph) have been recorded. Annual precipitation at sea level on Heard Island is in the order of 1,300 to 1,900 mm (51.2 to 74.8 in); rain or snow falls on about 3 out of 4 days.
Meteorological records at Heard Island are incomplete.
The islands are part of the Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra ecoregion that includes several subantarctic islands. In this cold climate plant life is mainly limited to grasses, lichens, and mosses. Low plant diversity reflects the islands’ isolation, small size, severe climate, the short, cool growing season and, for Heard Island, substantial permanent ice cover. The main environmental determinants of vegetation on subantarctic islands are wind exposure, water availability, parent soil composition, salt spray exposure, nutrient availability, disturbance by trampling (from seabirds and seals) and, possibly, altitude. At Heard Island, exposure to salt spray and the presence of breeding and moulting seabirds and seals are particularly strong influences on vegetation composition and structure in coastal areas.
Evidence from microfossil records indicates that ferns and woody plants were present on Heard Island during the Tertiary (a period with a cool and moist climate). Neither group of plants is present today, although potential Tertiary survivors include the vascular plant Pringlea antiscorbutica and six moss species. Volcanic activity has altered the distribution and abundance of the vegetation. The vascular flora covers a range of environments and, although only six species are currently widespread, glacial retreat and the consequent connection of previously separate ice-free areas is providing opportunities for further distribution of vegetation into adjacent areas.
Low-growing herbaceous flowering plants and bryophytes are the major vegetation components. The vascular flora comprises the smallest number of species of any major subantarctic island group, reflecting its isolation, small ice-free area and severe climate. Twelve vascular species are known from Heard Island, of which five have also been recorded on McDonald Island. None of the vascular species is endemic, although Pringlea antiscorbutica, Colobanthus kerguelensis, and Poa kerguelensis occur only on subantarctic islands in the southern Indian Ocean.
The plants are typically subantarctic, but with a higher abundance of the cushion-forming Azorella selago than other subantarctic islands. Heard Island is the largest subantarctic island with no confirmed human-introduced plants. Areas available for plant colonisation on Heard Island are generally the result of retreating glaciers or new ice-free land created by lava flows. Today, substantial vegetation covers over 20 km2 of Heard Island, and is best developed on coastal areas at elevations below 250 m.
Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) contribute substantially to the overall biodiversity of Heard Island, with 43 mosses and 19 liverworts being recorded, often occupying habitats unsuitable for vascular plants, such as cliff faces. Bryophytes are present in most of the major vegetation communities including several soil and moss-inhabiting species. A 1980 survey of McDonald Island found lower diversity than that on Heard Island; four mosses and a number of algal species are recorded from there.
At least 100 species of terrestrial algae are known from Heard Island, commonly in permanently moist and ephemeral habitats. Forests of the giant Antarctic kelp Durvillaea antarctica occur at a number of sites around Heard Island and at least 17 other species of seaweed are known, with more to be added following the identification of recent collections. Low seaweed diversity is due to the island's isolation from other land masses, unsuitable beach habitat, constant abrasion by waves, tides and small stones, and the extension of glaciers into the sea in many areas.
Subantarctic vegetation is minimal and includes small types of shrubbery. Including mosses and liverworts.
Open cushionfield vegetation is the most widespread and abundant vegetation type on Heard Island. It is characterised by Azorella selago cushions interspersed with bryophytes, small vascular species and bare ground with 20–75% cover, and found mainly at altitudes between 30–70m asl.
Fellfield describes vegetation with abundant bare ground and less than 50% plant cover. Fellfield may occur as a result of harsh climatic and/or edaphic factors, or recent deglaciation which has exposed bare ground.
Mossy fellfield is a community with high species richness and consists of bryophytes and small Azorella selago cushions. It is found at altitudes between 30–150 m in areas with intermediate exposure.
Wet mixed herbfield occurs on moist substrate, mostly on moraines and moist lee slopes (often in association with burrowing petrels colonies) at low altitude (< 40 m) where the water table is at or close to the surface. Species richness is highest here of all the communities, with dominant species being Poa cookii, Azorella selago, Pringlea antiscorbutica, Acaena magellanica, and Deschampsia antarctica.
Coastal biotic vegetation is dominated by Poa cookii and Azorella selago, occurring mainly on coastal sites of moderate exposure and in areas subject to significant influence from seals and seabirds.
Saltspray vegetation is dominated by the salt-tolerant moss Muelleriella crassifolia and limited in extent, being found at low elevations on lavas in exposed coastal sites.
Closed cushionfield is found on moraines and sand at altitudes mostly below 60 m, and is dominated almost entirely by Azorella selago cushions that often grow together to form continuous carpets which can be subject to burrowing by seabirds.
One of the most rapidly changing physical settings in the subantarctic has been produced on Heard Island by a combination of rapid glacial recession and climate warming. The consequent increase in habitat available for plant colonisation, plus the coalescing of previously discrete ice-free areas, has led to marked changes in the vegetation of Heard Island in the last 20 years or so. Other species and vegetation communities found on subantarctic islands north of the Antarctic Convergence now absent from the Heard Island flora may colonise the island if climate change produces more favourable conditions.
Some plant species are spreading and modifying the structure and composition of communities, some of which are also increasing in distribution. It is likely that further changes will occur, and possibly at an accelerated rate. Changes in population numbers of seal and seabird species are also expected to affect the vegetation by changing nutrient availability and disturbance through trampling.
One plant species on Heard Island, Poa annua, a cosmopolitan grass native to Europe, was possibly introduced by humans, though is more likely to have arrived naturally, probably by skuas from the Kerguelen Islands where it is widespread. It was initially recorded in 1987 in two deglaciated areas of Heard Island not previously exposed to human visitors, while being absent from known sites of past human habitation. Since 1987 Poa annua populations have increased in density and abundance within the original areas and have expanded beyond them. Expeditioner boot traffic during the Australian Antarctic program expedition in 1987 may be at least partly responsible for the spread, but it is probably mainly due to dispersal by wind and the movement of seabirds and seals around the island.
The potential for introducing plant species (including invasive species not previously found on subantarctic islands) by both natural and human-induced means is high. This is due to the combination of low species diversity and climatic amelioration. During the 2003/04 summer a new plant species, Cotula plumosa, was recorded. Only one small specimen was found growing on a coastal river terrace that had experienced substantial development and expansion of vegetation over the past decade. The species has a circumantarctic distribution and occurs on many subantarctic islands.
71 species of lichens have been recorded from Heard Island and they are common on exposed rock, dominating the vegetation in some areas. As with plants, a 1980 survey of McDonald Island found lower diversity there, with just eight lichen species and a number of non-lichenized fungi recorded.
The main indigenous animals are insects along with large populations of ocean-going seabirds, seals and penguins.
Sealing at Heard Island lasted from 1855 to 1910, during which time 67 sealing vessels are recorded visiting, nine of which were wrecked off the coast. Relics that survive from that time include trypots, casks, hut ruins, graves and inscriptions. This caused the seal populations there to either become locally extinct or reduced to levels too low to exploit economically. Modern sealers visited from Cape Town in the 1920s. Since then the populations have generally increased and are protected. Seals breeding on Heard include the southern elephant seal, the Antarctic fur seal and the subantarctic fur seal. Leopard seals visit regularly in winter to haul-out though they do not breed on the islands. Crabeater, Ross and Weddell seals are occasional visitors.
Heard Island and the McDonald Islands are free from introduced predators and provide crucial breeding habitat in the middle of the vast Southern Ocean for a range of birds. The surrounding waters are important feeding areas for birds and some scavenging species also derive sustenance from their cohabitants on the islands. The islands have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because they support very large numbers of nesting seabirds.
Nineteen species of birds have been recorded as breeding on Heard Island and the McDonald Islands, although recent volcanic activity at the McDonald Islands in the last decade is likely to have reduced vegetated and un-vegetated nesting areas.
Penguins are by far the most abundant birds on the islands, with four breeding species present, comprising king, gentoo, macaroni and eastern rockhopper penguins. The penguins mostly colonise the coastal tussock and grasslands of Heard Island, and have previously been recorded as occupying the flats and gullies on McDonald Island.
Other seabirds recorded as breeding at Heard Island include three species of albatross (wandering, black-browed and light-mantled albatrosses, southern giant petrels, Cape petrels, four species of burrowing petrels Antarctic and Fulmar prions, common and South Georgian diving-petrels), Wilson's storm-petrels, kelp gulls, subantarctic skuas, Antarctic terns and the Heard shag. Although not a true seabird, the Heard Island subspecies of the black-faced sheathbill also breeds on the island. Both the shag and the sheathbill are endemic to Heard Island.
A further 28 seabird species are recorded as either non-breeding visitors or have been noted during 'at-sea surveys' of the islands. All recorded breeding species, other than the Heard Island sheathbill, are listed marine species under the Australian Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act (1999, four are listed as threatened species and five are listed migratory species. Under the EPBC Act a recovery plan has been made for albatrosses and giant petrels, which calls for ongoing population monitoring of the species found at HIMI, and at the time of preparing this plan a draft recovery plan has also been made for the Heard Island cormorant (or shag) and Antarctic tern.
The recorded populations of some seabird species found in the Reserve have shown marked change. The king penguin population is the best studied seabird species on Heard Island and has shown a dramatic increase since first recorded in 1947/48, with the population doubling every five years or so for more than 50 years.
A paper reviewing population data for the black-browed albatross between 1947 and 2000/01 suggested that the breeding population had increased to approximately three times that present in the late 1940s, although a Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources CCAMLR) Working Group was cautious about the interpretation of the increasing trend given the disparate nature of the data, as discussed in the paper. The discovery of a large, previously unknown, colony of Heard shags in 2000/01 at Cape Pillar raised the known breeding population from 200 pairs to over 1000 pairs. The breeding population of southern giant petrels decreased by more than 50% between the early 1950s and the late 1980s.
Heard Island supports a relatively low number of terrestrial invertebrate species compared to other Southern Ocean islands, in parallel with the low species richness in the flora–that is, the island's isolation and limited ice-free area. Endemism is also generally low and the invertebrate fauna is exceptionally pristine with few, if any, (successful) human-induced introductions of alien species. Two species, including the thrip Apterothrips apteris and the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae are thought to be recent, possibly natural, introductions. An exotic species of earthworm Dendrodrilus rubidus was also collected in 1929 from a dump near Atlas Cove, and has recently been collected from a variety of habitats including wallows, streams and lakes on Heard Island.
The arthropods of Heard Island are comparatively well known with 54 species of mite and tick, one spider and eight springtails recorded. A study over summer at Atlas Cove in 1987/88 showed overall densities of up to 60 000 individual springtails per square metre in soil under stands of Pringlea antiscorbutica. Despite a few recent surveys, the non-arthropod invertebrate fauna of Heard Island remain poorly known.
Beetles and flies dominate Heard Island's known insect fauna, which comprises up to 21 species of ectoparasite (associated with birds and seals) and up to 13 free-living species. Approximately half of the free-living insects are habitat-specific, while the remainder are generalists found in a variety of habitats, being associated with either supralittoral or intertidal zones, Poa cookii and Pringlea antiscorbutica stands, bryophytes, lichen-covered rocks, exposed rock faces or the underside of rocks. There is a pronounced seasonality to the insect fauna, with densities in winter months dropping to a small percentage (between 0.75%) of the summer maximum. Distinct differences in relative abundances of species between habitats has also been shown, including a negative relationship between altitude and body size for Heard Island weevils.
The fauna of the freshwater pools, lakes, streams and mires found in the coastal areas of Heard Island are broadly similar to those on other subantarctic islands of the southern Indian Ocean. Many species reported from Heard Island are found elsewhere. Some sampling of freshwater fauna has been undertaken during recent expeditions and records to date indicate that the freshwater fauna includes a species of Protista, a gastrotrich, two species of tardigrade, at least four species of nematode, 26 species of rotifer, six species of annelid and 14 species of arthropod.
As with the other shore biota, the marine macro-invertebrate fauna of Heard Island is similar in composition and local distribution to other subantarctic islands, although relatively little is known about the Heard Island communities compared with the well-studied fauna of some other islands in the subantarctic region, such as Macquarie and Kerguelen.
Despite Heard Island's isolation, species richness is considered to be moderate, rather than depauperate, although the number of endemic species reported is low. The large macro-alga Durvillaea antarctica supports a diverse array of invertebrate taxa and may play an important role in transporting some of this fauna to Heard Island.
The rocky shores of Heard Island exhibit a clear demarcation between fauna of the lower kelp holdfast zone and the upper shore zone community, probably due to effects of desiccation, predation and freezing in the higher areas. The limpet Nacella kerguelensis is abundant in the lower part of the shore, being found on rock surfaces and on kelp holdfasts. Other common but less abundant species in this habitat include the chiton Hemiarthrum setulosum and the starfish Anasterias mawsoni. The amphipod Hyale sp. and the isopod Cassidinopsis sp. are closely associated with the kelp. Above the kelp holdfast zone, the littornid Laevilitorina (Corneolitorina) heardensis and the bivalve mollusc Kidderia bicolor are found in well-sheltered situations, and another bivalve Gaimardia trapesina trapesina has been recorded from immediately above the holdfast zone. Oligochaetes are also abundant in areas supporting porous and spongy layers of algal mat.
Heard Island has a number of small wetland sites scattered around its coastal perimeter, including areas of wetland vegetation, lagoons or lagoon complexes, rocky shores and sandy shores, including the Elephant Spit. Many of these wetland areas are separated by active glaciers. There are also several short glacier-fed streams and glacial pools. Some wetland areas have been recorded on McDonald Island but, due to substantial volcanic activity since the last landing was made in 1980, their present extent is unknown.
The HIMI wetland is listed on the Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia and, in a recent analysis of Commonwealth-managed wetlands, was ranked highest for nomination under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) as an internationally important wetland.
Six wetland types have been identified from HIMI covering approximately 1860 ha: coastal ‘pool complex’ (237 ha); inland ‘pool complex’ (105 ha); vegetated seeps mostly on recent glaciated areas (18 ha); glacial lagoons (1103 ha); non-glacial lagoons (97ha); Elephant Spit (300 ha) plus some coastal areas. On Heard Island, the majority of these types suites are found below 150 m asl. The wetland vegetation occurs in the ‘wet mixed herbfield’ and ‘coastal biotic vegetation’ communities described above.
The wetlands provide important breeding and feeding habitat for a number of Antarctic and subantarctic wetland animals. These include the southern elephant seal and macaroni, gentoo, king and southern rockhopper penguins, considered to be wetland species under the Ramsar Convention. Non-wetland vegetated parts of the islands also support penguin and other seabird colonies.
Neither island-cluster had recorded visitors until the mid-1850s. Peter Kemp, a British sailor, may have become the first person to see the island. On 27 November 1833, he spotted it from the brig Magnet during a voyage from the Kerguelen Islands to the Antarctic and was believed to have entered the island on his 1833 chart.
An American sailor, Captain John Heard, on the ship Oriental, sighted Heard Island on 25 November 1853, en route from Boston to Melbourne. He reported the discovery one month later and had the island named after him. Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang discovered the nearby McDonald Islands six weeks later, on 4 January 1854.
No landing took place on the islands until March 1855, when sealers from the Corinthian, led by Captain Erasmus Darwin Rogers, went ashore at a place called Oil Barrel Point. In the sailing period from 1855 to 1880 a number of American sealers spent a year or more on the island, living in appalling conditions in dark smelly huts, also at Oil Barrel Point. At its peak the community consisted of 200 people. By 1880 sealers had wiped out most of the seal population and then left the island. In all the islands furnished more than 100,000 barrels of elephant-seal oil during this period.
A number of wrecks have occurred in the vicinity of the islands. There is also a discarded building left from John Heard's sealing station which is situated near Atlas Cove.
The first recorded landing on McDonald Island was made by Australian scientists Grahame Budd and Hugh Thelander on 12 February 1971, using a helicopter.
The islands have been a territory of Australia since 1947, when they were transferred from the UK The archipelago became a World Heritage Site in 1997.
There were five private expeditions to Heard Island between 1965 and 2000. Several amateur radio operators have visited Heard, often associated with scientific expeditions. The first activity there was in 1947 by Alan Campbell-Drury. Amateur radio DXpeditions to the island took place in 1983 (two) and January 1997 (callsign VK0IR). The recent DXpedition in March 2016 (VK0EK) was organised by Cordell Expeditions and made over 75,000 radio contacts.
In 1991, the islands were the location for the Heard Island feasibility test, an experiment in very long distance transmission of low frequency sound through the ocean. The US Navy vessels MV Cory Chouest and Amy Chouest were used to transmit signals which could be detected as far away as both ocean coasts of the US and Canada. The Cory Chouest was chosen because of its central moon pool and because it was already equipped with an array of low frequency transmitters. A phase-modulated 57Hz signal was used. The experiment was successful and demonstrated that such sound waves could travel as far as the antipodes. Planned transmissions had been for ten days, although owing to the bad weather conditions and the high failure rate of the transmitter elements, used at a frequency below their design frequency, the transmissions were terminated on the sixth day, when only two of the original ten transducers were still working.
The United Kingdom formally established its claim to Heard Island in 1910, marked by the raising of the Union Flag and the erection of a beacon by Captain Evensen, master of the Mangoro. Effective government, administration and control of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands was transferred to the Australian government on 26 December 1947 at the commencement of the first Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) to Heard Island, with a formal declaration that took place at Atlas Cove. The transfer was confirmed by an exchange of letters between the two governments on 19 December 1950.
The islands are a territory (Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands) of Australia administered from Hobart by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Australian Department of the Environment and Energy. The administration of the territory is established in the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Act 1953, which places it under the laws of the Australian Capital Territory and the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory. The islands are contained within a 65,000-square-kilometre (25,000 sq mi) marine reserve and are primarily visited for research, meaning that there is no permanent human habitation.
From 1947 until 1955 there were camps of visiting scientists on Heard Island (at Atlas Cove in the northwest, which was in 1969 again occupied by American scientists and expanded in 1971 by French scientists) and in 1971 on McDonald Island (at Williams Bay). Later expeditions used a temporary base at Spit Bay in the east, such as in 1988, 1992–93 and 2004–05.
The islands' only natural resource is fish; the Australian government allows limited fishing in the surrounding waters. Despite the lack of population, the islands have been assigned the country code HM in ISO 3166-1 (ISO 3166-2:HM) and therefore the Internet top-level domain.hm. The timezone of the islands is UTC+5.
^ a b c d e f "Heard Island and McDonald Islands". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
^ UNESCO. "Heard and McDonald Islands". Retrieved 31 January 2015.
^ Commonwealth of Australia. "About Heard Island – Human Activities". Archived from the original on 18 October 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2006.
^ "Cocky Flies, Geoscience Australia". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
^ "Distance Between Cities Places On Map Distance Calculator". distancefromto.net. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
^ Ken Green and Eric Woehler (2006). Heard Island: Southern Ocean Sentinel. Surrey Beatty & Sons. pp. 28–51.
^ "Highest Mountains". Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
^ Plants. Australian Department of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division. Updated 28 February 2005.
^ Part 3: A Description of the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve. Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan. retrieved 5 February 2016.
^ "Seals". Heard Island and McDonald Islands: Seals. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australia. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
^ BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Heard and McDonald Islands. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 2011-12-23.
^ Woehler, E.J. & Croxall, J.P. 1991. ‘Status and conservation of the seabirds of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands’, in Seabird – status and conservation: a supplement, ICBP Technical Publication 11. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge. pp 263–277.
^ a b Woehler, E.J. (2006). ‘Status and trends of the seabirds of Heard Island, 2000’, in Heard Island: Southern Ocean Sentinel. ed. Green, K. & Woehler, E. Surrey Beattie.
^ Woehler, E.J. (2006) ‘Status and trends of the seabirds of Heard Island, 2000’, in Heard Island: Southern Ocean Sentinel. ed. Green, K. & Woehler, E.(Surrey Beattie.
^ Woehler, E. J.; Auman, H. J.; Riddle, M. J. (2002). "Long-term population increase of black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophrys at Heard Island, 1947/1948–2000/2001". Polar Biology. 25 (12): 921–927. doi:10.1007/s00300-002-0436-1 (inactive 16 March 2018).
^ SC–CAMLR 2002. Report of the Working Group on Fish Stock Assessment. Report of the Twenty-First Meeting of the Scientific Committee for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Australia.
^ Goode, George Brown (1887) Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1887).
^ Cerchi, Dan (1 August 2009). "SIOE 2002: Heard I. & The McDonald Is". www.cerchi.net. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012.
^ "Gazetteer - AADC Name Details - Australian Antarctic Data Centre". Australian Antarctic Data Centre. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2016 – via Internet Archive.
^ "Heard Island VK0EK DXpedition Team Has Arrived, Operation Hours Away". American Radio Relay League. 22 March 2016.
^ "The Heard Island Feasibility Test". University of Washington. 2007.
^ "Heard Island Feasibility Test - reception map". University of Washington. 2007.
^ "Heard Island and McDonald Islands Act 1953". Federal Register of Legislation. Australian Government. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
^ "Heard Island and McDonald Islands :: Time Zones". timegenie.com. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
Australian Government. (2005) Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve Management Plan. Australian Antarctic Division: Kingston (Tas). ISBN 1-876934-08-5.
Green, Ken and Woehler Eric (eds). (2006) Heard Island: Southern Ocean Sentinel. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty and Sons. ISBN 9780949324986.
Smith, Jeremy. (1986) Specks in the Southern Ocean. Armidale: University of New England Press. ISBN 0-85834-615-X.
LeMasurier, W. E. and Thomson, J. W. (eds.). (1990) Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. American Geophysical Union. ISBN 0-87590-172-7.
"Heard Island and McDonald Islands". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
Image gallery of Heard Island and McDonald Island with high quality limited copyright images.
The Antarctic tern (Sterna vittata) is a typical tern. It ranges throughout the southern oceans. It is very similar in appearance to the closely related Arctic tern, but is stockier, and the wing tips are grey instead of blackish in flight. It is in breeding plumage in the southern summer, when the Arctic tern has moulted to its non-breeding plumage (though this is not useful for separating it from another species, the South American tern).
Breeding takes place from mid-November to early December. Chicks hatch from December to February. Skuas and jaegers are the primary predators of the bird's eggs and young.
The total global population of this bird is around 140,000 individuals.
Australian marine parks (formerly Commonwealth marine reserves) are marine protected areas located within Australian waters and are managed by the Australian government. These waters generally extend from three nautical miles off the coast to the outer limit of Australia’s Exclusive Economic Zone at 200 nautical miles while marine protected areas located closer in-shore are the responsibility of the states or the Northern Territory.
Azorella selago is a species of cushion plant native to the sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean, including the Crozet Islands, the Possession Islands, the Heard Island and McDonald Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Prince Edward Islands. The closely related Azorella macquariensis, which is endemic to Macquarie Island, was split from it taxonomically in 1989. A. selago is often a keystone species where it occurs and is well studied for its contribution to its native ecosystems.
Big Ben is a volcanic massif that dominates the geography of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. It is a composite cone with a diameter of approximately 25 kilometres. Its highest peak is Mawson Peak, which is 2,745 m above sea level. Much of it is covered by ice, including 14 major glaciers which descend from Big Ben to the sea. Big Ben is the highest mountain in Australian Territory, except for those claimed in the Australian Antarctic Territory. A smaller volcanic headland, the Laurens Peninsula, extends approximately 10 km to the northwest, created by a separate volcano, Mount Dixon; its highest point is Anzac Peak, at 715 m.
The brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus), also known as the Antarctic skua, subantarctic skua, southern great skua, southern skua, or hākoakoa (Māori), is a large seabird that breeds in the subantarctic and Antarctic zones and moves further north when not breeding. Its taxonomy is highly complex and a matter of dispute, with some splitting it into two or three species: Falkland skua (S. antarcticus), Tristan skua (S. hamiltoni), and subantarctic skua (S. lönnbergi). To further confuse, it hybridizes with both the south polar and Chilean skuas, and the entire group has been considered to be a subspecies of the great skua, a species otherwise restricted to the Northern Hemisphere.
Cave Bay (53°2′S 73°22′E) is a cove, 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) wide, which has been formed by the erosion of an extinct volcanic crater of which Mount Andree forms the north side, indenting the west side of Heard Island between West Bay and South West Bay. The cove is roughly charted on an American sealer's sketch map prepared during the 1860–70 period. It was more accurately charted and first named on a geological sketch map illustrating the 1929 work of the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition under Douglas Mawson.
The geography of the Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) refers to the geography of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands, one of the most remote places on earth. The islands belong to Australia and are located 4,000 kilometres (2,485.5 mi) southwest of the mainland in the Southern Ocean. These subantarctic islands were transferred to Australia by the United Kingdom in 1947. They lie between Madagascar and Antarctica.HIMI has no ports or harbours; ships must anchor offshore. The coastline is 101.9 kilometres (63.3 mi), and a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive fishing zone are claimed. The HIMI marine zone, situated to the south of the Antarctic Convergence, is a biological hot spot for breeding and non-breeding seabirds and marine mammals such as penguins, petrels, elephant seals and fur seals. HIMI was inscribed as a UNESCO Heritage Site in 1999 under the title " "Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands".
The Heard Island shag (Leucocarbo nivalis), or Heard Island cormorant, is a marine cormorant native to the Australian territory comprising the Heard and McDonald Islands in the Southern Ocean, about 4100 km south-west of Perth, Western Australia.
Laurens Peninsula (53°0′S 73°18′E) is a rugged peninsula surmounted by several ice-covered peaks that forms the northwestern part of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. The name was applied by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition following their survey in 1948. It derives from the existing name Cape Laurens, applied for the northwestern extremity of this peninsula after the American bark Laurens which, under Captain Franklin F. Smith, visited Heard Island in 1855–56 and assisted in initiating sealing operations there.
This is a list of the birds of Heard Island and the adjacent McDonald Islands in the southern Indian Ocean. For other animals there, see List of non-avian fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands.
The birds of Heard Island and McDonald Islands, a subantarctic Australian territory between Australia, Africa and Antarctica, are, whether breeders or visitors, almost all seabirds which find their food at sea in the waters of the surrounding Southern Ocean. An exception is the black-faced sheathbill, an opportunistic scavenger around seal and penguin colonies and the only solely terrestrial breeding bird species present on the islands. The southern giant-petrel and Subantarctic skua are also scavengers as well as predators at seabird colonies.
Heard Island is an important breeding site for macaroni, eastern rockhopper, gentoo and king penguins. Endemic species or subspecies are the Heard shag and the black-faced sheathbill. The surrounding waters are home to numerous species of albatross and petrel, some of which breed on the islands, including the endangered southern giant-petrel and the wandering albatross, both threatened by long-line fishing.
The following non-avian fauna have been observed on and around Heard Island and the adjacent McDonald Islands, which are part of the same Australian territory. For the birds see List of birds of Heard and McDonald Islands.
Included on this list are seven species of mammal, 23 taxa of fish, 25 species of terrestrial arthropods, one land snail, one flowering plant, and one species of kelp.
Mawson Peak is an active volcanic mountain on Heard Island, an external Australian territory in the Southern Ocean.
With its summit at 2,745 metres (9,006 ft), it is the third highest peak in any state or territory of Australia, higher than the 2,228-metre (7,310 ft) Mount Kosciuszko, and surpassed only by the 3,490-metre (11,450 ft) Mount McClintock and the 3,355-metre (11,007 ft) Mount Menzies claimed in the Australian Antarctic Territory. An active complex volcano which erupted as recently as April 2013 and February 2016, Mawson Peak is the summit of the Big Ben massif.
The McDonald Islands (53°3′34.9″S 72°35′32.2″E) are the peaks of a volcano in the southern Indian Ocean in the vicinity of Heard Island (53°06′S 73°31′E). The islands are Australian external territory. Prior to 1992, the volcano had not erupted in the previous 75,000 years.
Poa annua, or annual meadow grass (known in America more commonly as annual bluegrass or simply poa), is a widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates. Though P. annua is commonly considered a solely annual plant due to its name, perennial bio-types do exist. Poa (πόα) is Greek for "fodder". It is one of the sweetest grasses for green fodder, but less useful than hay. This grass may have originated as a hybrid between Poa supina and Poa infirma.
Schmidt Glacier (53°3′S 73°24′E) is a glacier, 0.7 nautical miles (1.3 km) long, flowing west from Baudissin Glacier between Mount Drygalski and North West Cornice, on the west side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. To the north of Schmidt Glacier is Baudissin Glacier, whose terminus is located at the western side of Corinthian Bay, near Sealers Cove. Kildalkey Head is west of Schmidt Glacier. To the south of Schmidt Glacier is Vahsel Glacier, whose terminus is at South West Bay, between Erratic Point and Cape Gazert. Immediately south of Vahsel Glacier is Allison Glacier. Click here to see a map of Schmidt Glacier and the northwestern coast of Heard Island.
Winston Lagoon (53°9′S 73°39′E) is a lagoon indenting the southeast coast of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean, about 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) northeast of Cape Lockyer. The feature is roughly portrayed on an American sealer chart of the 1860 period. It was sighted from the air by Lieutenant Malcolm Smith, RAAF, pilot of the ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) seaplane that made the first reconnaissance flight over the island in 1948. Lieutenant Smith proposed that it be named Lake Winston after his wife. In view of his death in an aircraft accident shortly afterward, this proposal was adopted by Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (ANCA) with only a change of generic term. Click here to see a map of Heard Island and McDonald Islands, including all major topographical features.
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document "Winston Lagoon" (content from the Geographic Names Information System).

What is the total area of wetlands identified on Heard Island and what are some of the types?


Prompt:
Listázd ki a cikkben található személyek közül azokat, akik negatív összefüggésbe hozhatók az eseménnyel. Ne listázd ki azokat, akik csak reagáltak az eseményre vagy elszenvedői annak.

A cikk:
Jordán üzletember és Tiborcz Istvánhoz közeli vállalkozó áll az áfacsökkentéssel jutalmazott hop on-hop off buszos társaságok nagyobb része mögött.
A háborús veszélyhelyzet ürügyén a kormány 5 százalékra csökkenti a hop on-hop off jellegű buszos városnéző szolgáltatás áfáját május 23-ától. Az áfakedvezményért cserébe a szolgáltatóknak ezután fizetniük kell turizmusfejlesztési hozzájárulást, vagyis a 22 százalékpontos adócsökkentés mellé társul egy új, 4 százalékos közteherfizetési kötelezettség. Összességében azonban jól járnak a cégek, hiszen a bruttó ár eddig a nettó plusz 27 százalék áfa volt, ezután pedig a nettó plusz 5 százalék áfa és 4 százalék turizmusfejlesztési hozzájárulás lesz, vagyis a bruttó ár a nettó plusz 9 százalék közteherre változik.

Végeredményben a társaságok minimum 18 százalékkal kevesebb adót fognak fizetni.

Így olcsóbb lehet a szolgáltatásuk, tehát – ha nem csökkentenek árat – nagyobb lehet a hasznuk. Érdeklődtünk, hogy a buszos cégek áraikban érvényesítik-e majd az áfacsökkentést, vagy lenyelik a különbözetet, de nem kaptunk választ tőlük.

FARKAS NORBERT / 24.HU
Ha van készpénzes fizetés, nincs áfacsökkentés
Az áfacsökkentés feltétele, hogy a szolgáltató kizárólag elektronikus fizetési lehetőséget biztosítson a jegyvásárlóknak, és az e-fizetés folyamatosan rendelkezésre álljon. A május 11-ei Kormányinfón Gulyás Gergely azzal indokolta az 5 százalékos áfakulcsot, hogy attól kifehéredik az ágazat. A miniszter elmondása szerint ugyanis sok volt a készpénzes fizetés, ami feketén ment, így jelentős bevételtől esett el az állam. Ha valóban így volt, akkor rohamtempóban kell átállniuk kizárólag elektronikus fizetésre a szolgáltatóknak, amennyiben már május 23-ától élvezni akarják az áfacsökkentést.

Karácsony Gergely kiakadt a kormány intézkedésén, mert szerinte a közösségi közlekedés áfáját kellett volna csökkenteni, nem a hop on-hop off buszokét, amelyeket jellemzően külföldi turisták használnak. A kormány valójában az adófizetők kontójára adott milliárdos ajándékot ezeknek a cégeknek, amelyek nyilván nem fogják ezzel párhuzamosan csökkenteni áraikat – előlegezte meg a főpolgármester.

Jordán milliárdosé és Tiborcz-közeli vállalkozóé a legtöbb busz
Tarlós István hivatali ideje alatt először 20, majd 15 évre szerették volna koncesszióba adni a hop on-hop off tevékenységet, de nem jártak sikerrel. A F